RESUMO
Resumen
Introducción: el soporte vital básico (SVB) está orientado a capacitar al personal de la salud en las habilidades básicas para la atención inicial de urgencias potencialmente fatales en un medio pre e intrahospitalario.
Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento del personal de enfermería sobre el manejo del paciente crítico con base en el SVB en áreas críticas del Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia de Puebla.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo, en una muestra de 50 enfermeras de los servicios críticos, de todas las categorías y turnos laborales. Se aplicó un instrumento de evaluación del conocimiento sobre SVB, validado por cuatro expertos y 10 enfermeros. Se consideró una calificación aprobatoria con 17 o más reactivos. Se empleó estadística descriptiva, frecuencias, Kuder-Richardson, kappa de Cohén y prueba exacta de Fisher.
Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 36.68 años; fueron cuatro hombres (8.0%) y 46 mujeres (92%); 37 (74%) aprobaron el instrumento. El 36% (18) había tomado el curso SVB y el 14% (7) estaba certificado. La asociación entre la calificación obtenida en la encuesta y la categoría laboral, grado académico, turno, tipo de contratación, si ya tomó el curso y tener certificación fue p > 0.05 (con prueba exacta de Fisher).
Conclusiones: haber realizado un curso de SVB no garantiza que el personal de enfermería tenga los conocimientos sobre el manejo del paciente en estado crítico.
Abstract
Introduction: The Basic Life Support (BLS) is designed to train health personnel in basic skills for initial emergency care that is potentially fatal in a prehospital and intrahospital environment. Objective: To evaluate nurses' knowledge regarding critical patient management based on BLS in critical areas of the Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia (Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopedics) of the state of Puebla.
Methods: Descriptive study in a sample of 50 nurses of critical services, of all categories and work shifts. A BLS knowledge assessment instrument, validated by four experts and 10 nurses, was applied. An approval rating of 17 or more points was considered. We used descriptive statistics, as well as frequencies, Kuder-Richardson's test, Cohen's kappa and Fisher's Exact Test.
Results: Mean age was 36.68 years; there were four men (8.0%) and 46 women (92%); 37 approved the instrument (74%). 36% had taken the BLS course (18) and 14% was certified (7). The association between the grade obtained in the survey and the labor category, academic degree, shift, type of hiring, if already took the course and having certification was p > 0.05 (with Fisher's Exact test).
Conclusions: Having a BLS course does not guarantee that the nurse personnel have knowledge about the management of the patient in critical condition.
Assuntos
Humanos , Conhecimento , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Emergências , Enfermagem , Hospitais Especializados , Pacientes , Pessoal de Saúde , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Suporte Vital Cardíaco AvançadoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hallux valgus is a frequent cause of pain, mainly in female population, characterized by deformity of the foot and important functional consequences. Open surgical techniques require relatively extensive incisions. Recently we see a tendency to use less invasive techniques with shorter hospitalization periods and better recovery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postsurgical clinical results in hallux valgus with minimally invasive surgery techniques according to the AOFAS scale. DESIGN: Longitudinal, prospective, descriptive and homodemic study. LOCATION: Hospital of Orthopedics and Traumatology, UMAE Puebla of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with diagnosis of Hallux valgus treated between September 2004 and March 2008 were included. According to the AOFAS scale, we collected data from before the surgery, at one month and at 6 months postoperatively. We used univariate analysis of frequencies, measures of central tendency for demographic variables and the Wilcoxon test to evaluate pre and postoperative results with support from the SPSS version 12 program. RESULTS: The global evaluation of minimally invasive surgical technique according to AOFAS showed an average in the preoperative period of 60.37 (95% CI, between 53.87-66.38), at one month of 89 (95% CI, between 85.18-90.81) and at 6 months of 96.62 (95% CI, between 94.63-98.70). Mean age was 42 years (20-65), 22 women (75.86%) and 7 men (24.13%). We observed differences in the preoperative period, at one month and at 6 months with a p < 0.05 in global evaluation of AOFAS measurement scale for pain and function. DISCUSSION: Our results show that minimally invasive surgical technique is a good option for treatment of this pathology; they reveal the need to continue the study and to compare it with open surgical technique. Minimally invasive surgical technique, if properly done, reports good results and is an adequate therapeutic alternative for treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus.
